Jackal
by. Nolvyhindarto,S.Si_Encartablog_Animals
Jackal | |
A Black-backed Jackal | |
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A jackal is a member of any of three small to medium-sized species
of the genus Canis, found in
and southeastern Europe. Jackals fill a similar
niche to the
(sometimes called the American Jackal[1]) in
America; that of
of small to medium-sized animals,
and omnivores. Their long legs and curved
teeth are adapted for hunting small
and reptiles. Big feet and fused leg bones give them
a long-distance runner's physique, capable of maintaining speeds of
16 km/h (9.9 mph) for extended periods of time. They are
most active at dawn and dusk.
unit is that of a
pair which defends its territory from other pairs. These territories
are defended by vigorously chasing intruding rivals and marking landmarks
around the territory with
and feces. The territory may be large enough to hold
some young adults who stay with their parents until they establish their
own territory. Jackals may occasionally assemble in small packs, for
example to scavenge a carcass, but normally hunt alone or as a pair.
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Etymology
The English word "jackal" derives from
via Persian shaghal, ultimately from
Taxonomy and relationships
Oken’s Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, the author found sufficient similarities
in the dentition of jackals and the North American coyotes to place
these species into a new separate genus Thos after the classical Greek word θώς=[
needed]. Oken’s idiosyncratic nomenclatorial
ways however, aroused the scorn of a number of zoological systematists.
Nearly all the descriptive words used to justify the genus division
were relative terms without a reference measure and that the argument
did not take into account the size differences between the species which
can be considerable. Angel Cabrera, in his
monograph on the mammals of
briefly touched upon the question whether or not the presence of a
on the upper molars of the jackals and its corresponding absence
in the rest of Canis could justify
a subdivision of the genus Canis. In practice, he chose the undivided-genus alternative
and referred to the jackals as Canis.[4]
taxonomic nomenclature, though it was revived in
by Edmund Heller who embraced the new genus theory.
Heller’s name and the designations he gave to various jackal species
and subspecies live on, though the genus has been changed from
to Canis.[4]
Despite their outward similarity, they are not all closely related to
one another. The Side-striped Jackal and
Jackal are close to each other, but separated from
the other African and
wild dogs and wolves by some six or seven
The Golden Jackal and
Wolf are part of a group also including the
domestic dog and
color: #0000FF;">[5]. Breeding experiments in
with poodles, jackals, and later on with the resulting
showed that unlike wolfdogs,
hybrids show a decrease in
significant communication problems as well as an increase of
disorders after three generations of
much like coydogs.[6]
| Primarily resides in wooded areas, unlike other jackal species. | ||
| The heaviest of the jackals, and the only species to occur outside | Northern Africa, Southeastern Europe, the | |
| The most lightly built of the jackals, and is considered the oldest | Southern Africa and eastern coast of |
The Ethiopian Wolf (Ruppell, 1840) of the Ethiopian Highlands has at times been regarded
as a jackal, and then called the Red or Simian Jackal, but is now usually
regarded as a wolf.
Use in slang
The popular, although rather inaccurate image of jackals is as
and this has resulted in a somewhat negative image.
- The expression "jackalling" is sometimes used to describe
the work done by a subordinate in order to save the time of a superior.
(For example, a junior lawyer may peruse large quantities of
material on behalf of a
This came from the tradition that the jackal will sometimes lead a
to its prey. In other languages, the same word is sometimes used to
describe the behavior of persons who try to scavenge scraps from the
misfortunes of others; for example, by
a village from which its inhabitants have fled because of a disaster. - In Nonviolent Communication, "jackal language"
refers to communication that labels, judges, and criticizes.
References
- The New Encyclopedia of Mammals edited
by David Macdonald, Oxford University Press, 2001; - Cry of the Kalahari, by Mark and Delia
Owens, Mariner Books, 1992. - The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores,
by David MacDonald, BBC Books, 1992. - Foxes, Wolves, and Wild Dogs of the World,
by David Alderton, Facts on File, 2004.
External links
- AWF.org, Jackal: Wildlife summary from the African
Wildlife Foundation
Footnotes
- ^
color: #0000FF;">4.1 Coyote Canis
latrans Say, 1823 Least concern (2004) by E.M. Gese & M. Bekoff - ^
color: #0000FF;">American Heritage Dictionary - Jackal entry - ^
color: #0000FF;">Online Etymology Dictionary - Jackal entry - ^
color: #0000FF;">Thos vs Canis - ^
analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438: 803-819. - ^
Hundepsychologie, 4. Auflage, 2004, Franck-Kosmos-Verlag 2004 - ^
color: #0000FF;">"Side-Striped Jackal"
Retrieved 2010-03-19 - ^
al. 2005.
color: #0000FF;">Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype
structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438: 803-819. - ^
color: #0000FF;">"Golden Jackal"
Retrieved 2007-08-15 - ^
David (1992). The Velvet Claw. p. 256. ISBN - ^ The behavior guide to African mammals: including
hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates by Richard Estes, published by University of California Press, 1992,
color: #0000FF;">ISBN 0520080858
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackal"
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